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The new year of 1854 found slavery excluded from more than half the States by State Constitutions, and from most of the national territory by congressional prohibition. Four days later, commenced the struggle, which ended in repealing that congressional prohibition. This opened all the national territory to slavery, and was the first point gained. This necessity had not been overlooked; but had been provided for, as well as might be, in the notable argument of 'squatter sovereignty,' otherwise called 'sacred right of self government,' which latter phrase, though expressive of the only rightful basis of any government, was so perverted in this attempted use of it as to amount to just this: That if any one man, choose to enslave another, no third man shall be allowed to object.

Abraham Lincoln#69

PoliticsSlaveryLincolnEthicsConstitutionSovereigntyTerritory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Lincoln notes that a congressional ban on slavery in territories was repealed, allowing slavery to expand. He criticizes the 'squatter sovereignty' argument for claiming no one should object if one man chooses to enslave another.
In plain terms
A law stopping slavery in new lands was removed, and the reason given was that people should decide for themselves, even if that means allowing slavery.
What can you take from it?
Self-governance arguments can be twisted to justify harming others.

Where it applies

  • political debates
  • constitutional crises
  • policy changes

Putting it to work

  • analyze legislative history
  • examine rhetorical framing
  • track legal changes

Questions to consider

  • How can self-governance justify oppression?
  • What limits should exist on popular sovereignty?

Another view

The quote focuses on legal mechanisms without addressing the moral urgency of abolition.

More from Abraham Lincoln

  1. Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of …

    Permalink to quote #68
  2. Under the Dred Scott decision, 'squatter sovereignty' squatted out of existence, tumbled down like temporary scaffolding - like the mould at the foundry served…

    Permalink to quote #70
  3. 'A house divided against itself cannot stand.' I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be d…

    Permalink to quote #67

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