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As the strata of the earth preserve in succession the living creatures of past epochs, so the shelves of libraries preserve in succession the errors of the past and their expositions, which like the former were very lively and made a great commotion in their own age but now stand petrified and stiff in a place where only the literary palaeontologist regards them.

Arthur Schopenhauer#60

PhilosophyEducationKnowledgeHistoryPreservation

About this quote

What does it mean?
Libraries, like geological layers, preserve past ideas and errors that later scholars study as fossils.
In plain terms
Books keep old thoughts like rocks keep ancient life.
What can you take from it?
Treat past writings as sources for learning, not as final truth.

Where it applies

  • academic research
  • self‑education

Putting it to work

  • read older works
  • compare past and present ideas

Questions to consider

  • How can we discern useful from obsolete ideas?
  • What value do errors have for modern thought?

Another view

Not all past ideas are valuable; some are outdated or harmful.

More from Arthur Schopenhauer

  1. Two Chinamen visiting Europe went to the theatre for the first time. One of them occupied himself with trying to understand the theatrical machinery, which he …

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  2. That the outer man is a picture of the inner, and the face an expression and revelation of the whole character, is a presumption likely enough in itself, and t…

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  3. The animals are much more content with mere existence than we are; the plants are wholly so; and man is so according to how dull and insensitive he is. The ani…

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