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About this quote

What does it mean?
We claim life has progressed from simple to complex organisms, but that claim is assured by philosophers, not by the protozoon itself.
In plain terms
Assertions of progress often rely on philosophical interpretation.
What can you take from it?
Question who defines what counts as ‘advancement’.

Where it applies

  • education curricula
  • evolutionary debates
  • technology ethics

Putting it to work

  • examine criteria for progress
  • include multiple perspectives

Questions to consider

  • What metrics define biological or intellectual progress?
  • Can progress be subjective?

Another view

Progress can be multidimensional and not always linear.

More from Bertrand Russell

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  3. If any philosopher had been asked for a definition of infinity, he might have produced some unintelligible rigmarole, but he would certainly not have been able…

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