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I worry that, especially as the Millennium edges nearer, pseudo-science and superstition will seem year by year more tempting, the siren song of unreason more sonorous and attractive. Where have we heard it before? Whenever our ethnic or national prejudices are aroused, in times of scarcity, during challenges to national self-esteem or nerve, when we agonize about our diminished cosmic place and purpose, or when fanaticism is bubbling up around us-then, habits of thought familiar from ages past reach for the controls. The candle flame gutters. Its little pool of light trembles. Darkness gathers. The demons begin to stir.

Carl Sagan#60

ReasonThinkingCrisisFearSuperstition

About this quote

What does it mean?
Unreason and superstition rise during times of fear and uncertainty.
In plain terms
Superstition gets stronger when people are scared or uncertain.
What can you take from it?
Guard against irrationality during societal stress.

Where it applies

  • crisis management
  • education
  • media literacy

Putting it to work

  • promote critical thinking
  • monitor public discourse
  • support science literacy

Questions to consider

  • When does your community turn to superstition?
  • How do you recognize unreason in yourself?

Another view

Not all comfort-seeking beliefs are harmful.

More from Carl Sagan

  1. Advances in medicine and agriculture have saved vastly more lives than have been lost in all the wars in history.

    Permalink to quote #59
  2. If we long to believe that the stars rise and set for us, that we are the reason there is a Universe, does science do us a disservice in deflating our conceits?

    Permalink to quote #61
  3. How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science and concluded, 'This is better than we thought! The Universe is much bigger than our prophets sa…

    Permalink to quote #58

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