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It is often attempted to palliate slavery by comparing the state of slaves with our poorer countrymen: if the misery of our poor be caused not by the laws of nature, but by our institutions, great is our sin; but how this bears on slavery, I cannot see; as well might the use of the thumb-screw be defended in one land, by showing that men in another land suffered from some dreadful disease. Those who look tenderly at the slave owner, and with a cold heart at the slave, never seem to put themselves into the position of the latter; what a cheerless prospect, with not even a hope of change! picture to yourself the chance, ever hanging over you, of your wife and your little children - those objects which nature urges even the slave to call his own - being torn from you and sold like beasts to the first bidder! And these deeds are done and palliated by men, who profess to love their neighbours as themselves, who believe in God, and pray that his Will be done on earth! It makes one's blood boil, yet heart tremble, to think that we Englishmen and our American descendants, with their boastful cry of liberty, have been and are so guilty...

Charles Darwin#22

EthicsHumanityMoralitySlaveryEmpathyHuman rightsJustice

About this quote

What does it mean?
Darwin argues that comparing slaves to poor free men does not justify slavery, as institutional misery differs from natural suffering. He highlights the emotional cruelty of separating families and the hypocrisy of owners who claim to love neighbors.
In plain terms
Comparing slaves to poor people doesn't excuse slavery, and it is cruel to separate families while claiming moral virtue.
What can you take from it?
Institutional harm like slavery cannot be justified by comparing it to other forms of suffering.

Where it applies

  • debates on social justice
  • critiques of oppression
  • ethical reasoning

Putting it to work

  • advocating against human trafficking
  • examining systemic inequality

Questions to consider

  • How do we distinguish between natural and institutional suffering?
  • What responsibilities do we have to those in bondage?

Another view

The comparison to natural suffering might oversimplify the complexity of socioeconomic poverty.

More from Charles Darwin

  1. We will now discuss in a little more detail the Struggle for Existence.

    Permalink to quote #23
  2. I thank God, I shall never again visit a slave-country. To this day, if I hear a distant scream, it recalls with painful vividness my feelings, when passing a …

    Permalink to quote #21
  3. The expression often used by Mr. Herbert Spencer of the Survival of the Fittest is more accurate, and is sometimes equally convenient. 2

    Permalink to quote #24

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