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Where popular authority is absolute and unrestrained, the people have an infinitely greater, because a far better founded, confidence in their own power. They are themselves, in a great measure, their own instruments. They are nearer to their objects. Besides, they are less under responsibility to one of the greatest controlling powers on the earth, the sense of fame and estimation. The share of infamy that is likely to fall to the lot of each individual in public acts is small indeed; the operation of opinion being in the inverse ratio to the number of those who abuse power. Their own approbation of their own acts has to them the appearance of a public judgment in their favor. A perfect democracy is, therefore, the most shameless thing in the world. As it is the most shameless, it is also the most fearless. No man apprehends in his person that he can be made subject to punishment.

Edmund Burke#142

PoliticsPowerDemocracyAccountabilityShame

About this quote

What does it mean?
Absolute democracy can become shameless and fearless because individuals feel no personal accountability.
In plain terms
In pure democracy, people may act without shame or fear of punishment.
What can you take from it?
Unchecked democracy can reduce individual accountability.

Where it applies

  • analyzing democratic risks
  • discussing checks and balances

Putting it to work

  • study constitutional limits

Questions to consider

  • Does too much power remove shame?
  • How to prevent democratic excess?

Another view

Some democracies maintain strong norms despite no checks.

More from Edmund Burke

  1. Whenever our neighbour's house is on fire, it cannot be amiss for the engines to play a little on our own.

    Permalink to quote #141
  2. Whilst shame keeps its watch, virtue is not wholly extinguished in the heart; nor will moderation be utterly exiled from the minds of tyrants.

    Permalink to quote #143
  3. There ought to be system of manners in every nation which a well-formed mind would be disposed to relish. To make us love our country, our country ought to be …

    Permalink to quote #140

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