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The progress of science requires the growth of understanding in both directions, downward from the whole to the parts and upward from the parts to the whole. A reductionist philosophy, arbitrarily proclaiming that the growth of understanding must go only in one direction, makes no scientific sense. Indeed, dogmatic philosophical beliefs of any kind have no place in science.

Freeman Dyson#6

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About this quote

What does it mean?
Science needs understanding from parts to whole and vice versa; dogmatism has no place.
In plain terms
Science requires both top down and bottom up understanding.
What can you take from it?
Avoid dogmatic views in scientific progress.

Where it applies

  • research
  • education
  • policy

Putting it to work

  • methodology
  • education
  • debate

Questions to consider

  • Why is reductionism limiting?
  • What is a balanced approach?

Another view

Philosophy can help frame scientific questions.

More from Freeman Dyson

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  2. The laws of nature are constructed in such a way as to make the universe as interesting as possible.

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  3. The bottom line for mathematicians is that the architecture has to be right. In all the mathematics that I did, the essential point was to find the right archi…

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