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The discussions of every age are filled with the issues on which its leading schools of thought differ. But the general intellectual atmosphere of the time is always determined by the views on which the opposing schools agree. They become the unspoken presuppositions of all thought, and common and unquestioningly accepted foundations on which all discussion proceeds.

Friedrich Hayek#155

Attribution disputed; shown as originally published.

PhilosophyAcademiaIdeasAssumptionsDiscourse

About this quote

What does it mean?
Hayek observes that while schools of thought differ on many issues, the prevailing intellectual climate is shaped by the shared assumptions they all accept, which become the unspoken foundations of discourse.
In plain terms
Even opposing schools share hidden assumptions that shape the overall intellectual climate.
What can you take from it?
Identify and question the underlying assumptions that guide debates.

Where it applies

  • academic research
  • public policy discussions

Putting it to work

  • make assumptions explicit
  • encourage interdisciplinary dialogue

Questions to consider

  • How can we surface hidden assumptions?
  • When do shared assumptions hinder progress?

Another view

Some assumptions may be necessary for coherent discussion.

More from Friedrich Hayek

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  2. The part of our social order which can or ought to be made a conscious product of human reason is only a small part of all the forces of society.

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  3. Should our moral beliefs really prove to be dependent on factual assumptions shown to be incorrect, it would be hardly moral to defend them by refusing to ackn…

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