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It would, however, be wrong to think of an electron as a bullet-like structure with tentacles sticking out from its surface. We can calculate the mass of the bullet, and also the mass of the tentacles. The two masses are found to be identical, each agreeing with the known mass of the electron. Thus we cannot take the electron to be bullet plus tentacles... The two pictures do not depict two different parts of the electron, but two different aspects of the electron. They are not additive but alternative; as one comes into play, the other must disappear.

James Jeans#11

Quantum mechanicsScientific methodDualityNature

About this quote

What does it mean?
An electron is not a combination of parts but has different aspects that cannot be seen at once.
In plain terms
You cannot picture an electron as separate pieces adding up; it shows different sides instead.
What can you take from it?
Don't add different views of a particle together; they are alternatives.

Where it applies

  • teaching quantum concepts
  • modeling subatomic particles
  • avoiding classical intuition

Putting it to work

  • use alternative models for different contexts
  • avoid literal spatial pictures of particles

Questions to consider

  • What does it mean for a particle to have aspects?
  • How do we know what an electron really is?

Another view

The analogy of bullet and tentacles may confuse readers unfamiliar with the metaphor.

More from James Jeans

  1. if a shower of electrons is shot on to a zinc sulphide screen, a number of flashes are produced - one for each electron - and we may picture the electrons as b…

    Permalink to quote #10
  2. Actually the situation is even more complicated, since a separate tentacle picture is needed for each speed of motion of the electron, the speed being measured…

    Permalink to quote #12
  3. as the pattern of events is unaltered by motion, the mechanism must be the same when the electron is in motion as when it is at rest. But experiment shows that…

    Permalink to quote #9

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