We may appeal to every page of history we have hitherto turned over, for proofs irrefragable, that the people, when they have been unchecked, have been as unjust, tyrannical, brutal, barbarous and cruel as any king or senate possessed of uncontrollable power ... All projects of government, formed upon a supposition of continual vigilance, sagacity, and virtue, firmness of the people, when possessed of the exercise of supreme power, are cheats and delusions ... The fundamental article of my political creed is that despotism, or unlimited sovereignty, or absolute power, is the same in a majority of a popular assembly, an aristocratical council, an oligarchical junto, and a single emperor. Equally arbitrary, cruel, bloody, and in every respect diabolical.
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Unlimited power, whether in a king or a majority, becomes tyrannical and cruel.
- In plain terms
- Absolute authority is always oppressive, no matter who holds it.
- What can you take from it?
- Vigilance is needed to prevent any concentration of unchecked power.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- How can societies balance authority and liberty?
- What mechanisms best prevent tyranny?
Another view
It assumes all majorities act tyrannically, ignoring possibilities of benevolent governance.
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