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People are the common denominator of progress. So, paucis verbis, no improvement is possible with unimproved people, and advance is certain when people are liberated and educated. It would be wrong to dismiss the importance of roads, railroads, power plants, mills, and the other familiar furniture of economic development. At some stages of development - the stage that India and Pakistan have reached, for example - they are central to the strategy of development. But we are coming to realize, I think, that there is a certain sterility in economic monuments that stand alone in a sea of illiteracy. Conquest of illiteracy comes first.

John Kenneth Galbraith#13

EconomicsPolicyEducationDevelopment

About this quote

What does it mean?
Economic progress requires educated people; infrastructure alone fails without human development.
In plain terms
Invest in people first, then infrastructure.
What can you take from it?
Human capital drives sustainable development.

Where it applies

  • development planning
  • resource allocation
  • policy strategy

Putting it to work

  • prioritize education funding
  • assess human capital

Questions to consider

  • What comes first in development strategy?
  • How do you measure human capital impact?

Another view

Infrastructure remains critical in early development stages.

More from John Kenneth Galbraith

  1. Clearly the most unfortunate people are those who must do the same thing over and over again, every minute, or perhaps twenty to the minute. They deserve the s…

    Permalink to quote #12
  2. By all but the pathologically romantic, it is now recognized that this is not the age of the small man.

    Permalink to quote #14
  3. Total physical and mental inertia are highly agreeable, much more so than we allow ourselves to imagine. A beach not only permits such inertia but enforces it,…

    Permalink to quote #11

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