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Hume noted for all time that Berkeley's arguments did not admit the slightest refutation nor did they cause the slightest conviction. This dictum is entirely correct in its application to the earth, but entirely false in Tlon. The nations of this planet are congenitally idealist. Their language and the derivations of their language - religion, letters, metaphysics - all presuppose idealism. The world for them is not a concourse of objects in space; it is a heterogeneous series of independent acts. It is successive and temporal, not spatial.

Jorge Luis Borges#56

PhilosophyRealityPerceptionLanguageFictionIdealism

About this quote

What does it mean?
Borges contrasts Earth's realism with Tlon's idealism, showing how language and perception shape reality.
In plain terms
Our world assumes objects exist independently, but in Tlon, reality is made of mental acts.
What can you take from it?
Perception and language define what we consider real.

Where it applies

  • philosophical debate
  • comparing cultures
  • analyzing texts

Putting it to work

  • study idealism
  • critique realism
  • explore fiction

Questions to consider

  • How does language shape your view of reality?
  • Is idealism more valid than realism?

Another view

The quote assumes a clear divide between Earth and Tlon that may not exist in practice.

More from Jorge Luis Borges

  1. Who are the inventors of Tlon? The plural is inevitable, because the hypothesis of a lone inventor - an infinite Leibniz laboring away darkly and modestly - ha…

    Permalink to quote #55
  2. This felicitous supposition declared that there is only one Individual, and that this indivisible Individual is every one of the separate beings in the univers…

    Permalink to quote #57
  3. In life, he suffered from a sense of unreality, as do many Englishmen.

    Permalink to quote #54

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