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About this quote

What does it mean?
History cannot predict the future; it only teaches that surprises will keep happening.
In plain terms
History teaches us to expect surprises.
What can you take from it?
Prepare for the unexpected.

Where it applies

  • planning
  • decision making
  • risk assessment

Putting it to work

  • plan for change
  • stay curious
  • avoid certainty

Questions to consider

  • What surprised you recently?
  • How do you prepare for the future?

Another view

Some patterns do repeat in history.

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