We tend to think of Freud as a great innovator, but the truth is that he himself rested, like a ship on an iceberg, on a huge body of theory and knowledge which had accumulated before his time. Even the famous Unconscious had made its appearance at least seven decades earlier. As for such supposedly modern phenomena as multiple personalities, the vogue for them began in the first half of the nineteenth century; and the first case in which the perpetrator of a murder pleaded amnesia, and got off, was in the eighteen eighties.
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Atwood argues that Freud built on existing theories and phenomena like the unconscious and multiple personalities that appeared decades before his work.
- In plain terms
- Freud was not entirely original, as ideas like the unconscious existed before him.
- What can you take from it?
- Great thinkers stand on the work of predecessors rather than starting from scratch.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- Who creates knowledge?
- How does history remember innovators?
Another view
Freud synthesized these ideas in new ways, even if he did not invent them.
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