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All religions, with their gods, their demigods, and their prophets, their messiahs and their saints, were created by the credulous fancy of men who had not attained the full development and full possession of their faculties. Consequently, the religious heaven is nothing but a mirage in which man, exalted by ignorance and faith, discovers his own image, but enlarged and reversed - that is, divinized. The history of religion, of the birth, grandeur, and decline of the gods who have succeeded one another in human belief, is nothing, therefore, but the development of the collective intelligence and conscience of mankind.

Mikhail Bakunin#23

ReligionFaithGodHumanityConsciousnessCultureIgnoranceKnowledge

About this quote

What does it mean?
Bakunin argues that gods are inventions created by humans who lack full understanding. He says religion reflects human consciousness and evolves as human knowledge grows.
In plain terms
Gods are made up by people who do not know everything and religion grows as people learn more.
What can you take from it?
Religion is a human creation that evolves with knowledge.

Where it applies

  • religious critique
  • philosophical anthropology
  • atheist argument

Putting it to work

  • secular education
  • critical thinking
  • community building

Questions to consider

  • Where do gods come from?
  • Does faith hinder growth?

Another view

It reduces complex spiritual experiences to ignorance.

More from Mikhail Bakunin

  1. Nothing, in fact, is as universal or as ancient as the iniquitous and absurd; truth and justice, on the contrary, are the least universal, the youngest feature…

    Permalink to quote #22
  2. All religions are cruel, all founded on blood; for all rest principally on the idea of sacrifice-that is, on the perpetual immolation of humanity to the insati…

    Permalink to quote #24
  3. Of escape there are but three methods - two chimerical and a third real. The first two are the dram-shop and the church, debauchery of the body or debauchery o…

    Permalink to quote #21

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