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Angell argued that in a modern economy no economic benefit could be generated even by successful wars of conquest... Angell's argument showed, beyond reasonable doubt, that war and territorial expansion are not, in general sensible policies. His views have often been derided on the basis that they were falsified by the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, which was pursued to the bitter end even though it destroyed the global market economy that had formed the backdrop to his analysis. But in reality the outcome proved him right. Of course, Germany, the power most influenced by the arguments of Clausewitz and his successors, reaped nothing but grief from the war. But the attempts of the victorious allies to exact reparations, extend their colonial influence and so on were also entirely futile, exactly as Angell had predicted.

Norman Angell#45

WarPolicyEconomicsHistory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Angell argued war brings no economic benefit, and history showed it harmed the global economy.
In plain terms
War hurts the economy, not helps it.
What can you take from it?
War is economically irrational.

Where it applies

  • policy analysis
  • historical study
  • conflict resolution

Putting it to work

  • evaluate war costs
  • study economic impacts
  • predict outcomes

Questions to consider

  • Does war ever make economic sense?
  • How do nations weigh costs?

Another view

Governments still choose war for non economic reasons.

More from Norman Angell

  1. The root of the problem is very simply stated: if there were no sovereign independent states, if the states of the civilized world were organized in some sort …

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  2. In 1909, he published a little book of some hundred pages, Europe's Optical Illusion, and he awoke one morning to find himself famous.

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  3. Political nationalism has become for our age the most important thing in the world, more important than civilization, humanity, decency, kindness, pity; more i…

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