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Throughout history, poverty is the normal condition of man. Advances which permit this norm to be exceeded - here and there, now and then - are the work of an extremely small minority, frequently despised, often condemned, and almost always opposed by all right-thinking people. Whenever this tiny minority is kept from creating, or (as sometimes happens) is driven out of a society, the people then slip back into abject poverty. This is known as 'bad luck.'

Robert A. Heinlein#141

SocietyHistoryInnovationPoverty

About this quote

What does it mean?
Heinlein argues history shows poverty is the norm, and progress comes from a few often-opposed innovators.
In plain terms
Society usually stays poor; only a few inventors change things.
What can you take from it?
Progress relies on marginalized innovators.

Where it applies

  • economic history
  • innovation policy
  • societal change

Putting it to work

  • supporting innovators
  • studying economic history

Questions to consider

  • Why are innovators opposed?
  • Who benefits from poverty?

Another view

It simplifies complex structural causes of poverty.

More from Robert A. Heinlein

  1. There is only one way to console a widow. But remember the risk.

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  2. To be matter of fact about the world is to blunder into fantasy - and dull fantasy at that, as the real world is strange and wonderful.

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  3. There is no such thing as 'social gambling.' Either you are there to cut the other bloke's heart out and eat it - or you're a sucker. If you don't like this ch…

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