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About this quote

What does it mean?
Freud expresses a deeply pessimistic view of human nature, calling most people trash regardless of ethics.
In plain terms
Freud believes most human beings are worthless no matter what they claim to believe.
What can you take from it?
Be wary of idealizing human nature.

Where it applies

  • philosophy debates
  • cultural criticism
  • personal reflection

Putting it to work

  • maintain realistic expectations
  • critique society

Questions to consider

  • Is human nature mostly flawed?
  • How do you judge people?

Another view

It is an extreme generalization that ignores human capacity for good.

More from Sigmund Freud

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  2. In the long run, nothing can withstand reason and experience, and the contradiction religion offers to both is palpable.

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  3. Great revolutions in science have a common denominator: They knock human arrogance off one pedestal after another of our conviction about our previous convicti…

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