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About this quote

What does it mean?
Rejecting fixed essences means accepting continuous variation, which treats all people as full equals without comparing them to an ideal standard.
In plain terms
Thinking without fixed types means accepting differences as normal so everyone is treated equally.
What can you take from it?
Reject ideal comparisons to view all people as full equals.

Where it applies

  • social justice
  • education
  • policy

Putting it to work

  • avoid ideal-based metrics
  • promote inclusive language

Questions to consider

  • How do ideals distort judgment?
  • When are standards necessary?

Another view

Some fields require ideal standards for measurement.

More from Stephen Jay Gould

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  3. We often think, naively, that missing data are the primary impediments to intellectual progress-just find the right facts and all problems will dissipate. But …

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