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The man of system, on the contrary, is apt to be very wise in his own conceit; and is often so enamoured with the supposed beauty of his own ideal plan of government, that he cannot suffer the smallest deviation from any part of it. He goes on to establish it completely and in all its parts, without any regard either to the great interests, or to the strong prejudices which may oppose it. He seems to imagine that he can arrange the different members of a great society with as much ease as the hand arranges the different pieces upon a chess-board. He does not consider that the pieces upon the chess-board have no other principle of motion besides that which the hand impresses upon them; but that, in the great chess-board of human society, every single piece has a principle of motion of its own, altogether different from that which the legislature might choose to impress upon it. If those two principles coincide and act in the same direction, the game of human society will go on easily and harmoniously, and is very likely to be happy and successful. If they are opposite or different, the game will go on miserably, and the society must be at all times in the highest degree of disorder.

Adam Smith#20

Human natureSocietyGovernanceLeadershipPlanningPsychology

About this quote

What does it mean?
Systematic planners treat society like a chessboard, ignoring human individuality. People have their own motivations that resist rigid control.
In plain terms
Leaders fail when they ignore that people act on their own motives.
What can you take from it?
Avoid rigid social engineering that ignores human nature.

Where it applies

  • policy making
  • organizational design
  • governance

Putting it to work

  • flexible planning
  • stakeholder engagement

Questions to consider

  • How should leaders account for human behavior?
  • Is control possible?

Another view

Some central planning is necessary for coordination.

More from Adam Smith

  1. When national debts have once been accumulated to a certain degree, there is scarce, I believe, a single instance of their having been fairly and completely pa…

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  2. The man who barely abstains from violating either the person, or the estate, or the reputation of his neighbours, has surely very little positive merit. He ful…

    Permalink to quote #21
  3. What improves the circumstances of the greater part can never be regarded as an inconvenience to the whole. No society can be flourishing and happy if the grea…

    Permalink to quote #18

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