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Trade is the natural enemy of all violent passions. Trade loves moderation, delights in compromise, and is most careful to avoid anger. It is patient, supple, and insinuating, only resorting to extreme measures in cases of absolute necessity. Trade makes men independent of one another and gives them a high idea of their personal importance: it leads them to want to manage their own affairs and teaches them to succeed therein. Hence it makes them inclined to liberty but disinclined to revolution.

Alexis de Tocqueville#104

FreedomRevolutionEconomyTrade

About this quote

What does it mean?
Trade encourages moderation and independence, making people value liberty but avoid violent revolution.
In plain terms
Business makes people calm and independent, so they want freedom but not chaos.
What can you take from it?
Economic activity tends to stabilize society and reduce support for revolution.

Where it applies

  • economic policy
  • social stability
  • political reform

Putting it to work

  • fostering commerce
  • encouraging entrepreneurship
  • building middle class

Questions to consider

  • Does commerce always prevent violence?
  • Can trade coexist with revolution?

Another view

Trade can also create inequality that fuels unrest.

More from Alexis de Tocqueville

  1. Though it is very important for man as an individual that his religion should be true, that is not the case for society. Society has nothing to fear or hope fr…

    Permalink to quote #103
  2. Two things in America are astonishing: the changeableness of most human behavior and the strange stability of certain principles. Men are constantly on the mov…

    Permalink to quote #105
  3. Those that despise people will never get the best out of others and themselves.

    Permalink to quote #102

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