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An individual may perceive a way of life, or a method of social organisation, by which more of the desires of mankind could be satisfied than under the existing method. If he perceives truly, and can persuade men to adopt his reform, he is justified. Without rebellion, mankind would stagnate, and injustice would be irremediable.

Bertrand Russell#140

PhilosophyEthicsPoliticsJusticeSocial changeRebellionReform

About this quote

What does it mean?
He claims an individual who truly perceives a better social arrangement and convinces others is justified; without rebellion, humanity stagnates and injustice persists.
In plain terms
Reformers are justified when they see and promote superior social orders; stagnation harms humanity.
What can you take from it?
Support visionary reformers who challenge the status quo.

Where it applies

  • social activism
  • political theory

Putting it to work

  • grassroots movements
  • policy innovation

Questions to consider

  • When is rebellion justified?
  • How can we evaluate the merit of new social ideas?

Another view

Not all perceived improvements are objectively better; risk of unintended harm.

More from Bertrand Russell

  1. Among human beings, the subjection of women is much more complete at a certain level of civilisation than it is among savages. And the subjection is always rei…

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  2. The love of power is a part of human nature, but power-philosophies are, in a certain precise sense, insane. The existence of the external world, both that of …

    Permalink to quote #141
  3. The 'social contract,' in the only sense in which it is not completely mythical, is a contract among conquerors, which loses its raison d'etre if they are depr…

    Permalink to quote #138

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