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About this quote

What does it mean?
In mathematics a proof must eliminate all doubt; half‑proofs are meaningless.
In plain terms
A proof must be complete, leaving no doubt.
What can you take from it?
Aim for complete, rigorous proofs.

Where it applies

  • research
  • education
  • formal verification

Putting it to work

  • check each step for gaps
  • use formal proof assistants

Questions to consider

  • When is a partial proof acceptable?
  • How do we measure certainty in proofs?

Another view

Practical constraints sometimes accept provisional results.

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