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As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form.

Charles Darwin#31

EvolutionBiologySurvivalNatural selectionVariation

About this quote

What does it mean?
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition. Those with advantageous variations survive and pass them on.
In plain terms
Nature selects the individuals best suited to their environment to reproduce.
What can you take from it?
Small advantages in survival lead to evolutionary change over time.

Where it applies

  • evolutionary biology
  • ecology studies

Putting it to work

  • analyze species traits
  • predict population changes

Questions to consider

  • How do minor variations accumulate over generations?
  • What determines which traits are profitable?

Another view

It assumes gradual change without accounting for sudden genetic mutations.

More from Charles Darwin

  1. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has…

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  2. It has often and confidently been asserted, that man's origin can never be known: Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge: it is those …

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  3. Lastly, isolation, by checking immigration and consequently competition, will give time for any new variety to be slowly improved; and this may sometimes be of…

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