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I have always read that the world, both land and water, was spherical, as the authority and researches of Ptolemy and all the others who have written on this subject demonstrate and prove, as do the eclipses of the moon and other experiments that are made from east to west, and the elevation of the North Star from north to south.

Christopher Columbus#18

ExplorationAstronomyEarthEvidenceGeographyScience

About this quote

What does it mean?
Columbus argues that the Earth is spherical based on established authorities like Ptolemy and observable phenomena such as lunar eclipses and star positions.
In plain terms
The world is round, proven by experts and natural signs like eclipses and star heights.
What can you take from it?
Scientific consensus and observation support the shape of the Earth.

Where it applies

  • educational debate
  • navigation planning
  • scientific argumentation

Putting it to work

  • citing evidence
  • validating hypotheses
  • teaching geography

Questions to consider

  • How do we verify established truths?
  • What if observation conflicts with authority?

Another view

Relying solely on ancient authorities can limit discovery if new evidence contradicts them.

More from Christopher Columbus

  1. I have come to believe that this is a mighty continent which was hitherto unknown. I am greatly supported in this view by reason of this great river, and by th…

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  2. Your Highnesses have an Other World here, by which our holy faith can be so greatly advanced and from which such great wealth can be drawn.

    Permalink to quote #19
  3. And they know neither sect nor idolatry, with the exception that all believe that the source of all power and goodness is in the sky, and they believe very fir…

    Permalink to quote #16

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