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What is it that distinguishes man from animals? It is not his upright posture. That was present in the apes long before the brain began to develop. Nor is it the use of tools. It is something altogether new, a previously unknown quality: self-awareness. Animals, too, have awareness. They are aware of objects; they know this is one thing and that another. But when the human being as such was born he had a new and different consciousness, a consciousness of himself; he knew that he existed and that he was something different, something apart from nature, apart from other people, too. He experienced himself. He was aware that he thought and felt. As far as we know, there is nothing analogous to this anywhere in the animal kingdom. That is the specific quality that makes human beings human.

Erich Fromm#8

HumanityNatureConsciousnessAwareness

About this quote

What does it mean?
Self-awareness distinguishes humans from animals, allowing consciousness of existence.
In plain terms
Humans know they exist, unlike animals.
What can you take from it?
Self-awareness makes us human.

Where it applies

  • philosophy
  • psychology
  • education

Putting it to work

  • cultivate self-reflection
  • study human nature

Questions to consider

  • What does it mean to be self-aware?
  • Are humans truly unique?

Another view

Some animals show signs of self-awareness.

More from Erich Fromm

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  2. The two most far-reaching critical theories at the beginning of the latest phase of industrial society were those of Marx and Freud. Marx showed the moving pow…

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  3. Among most Christians the Old Testament is little read in comparison to the New Testament. Furthermore, much of what is read is often distorted by prejudice. F…

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