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About this quote

What does it mean?
Human thinking is distorted by four types of false notions: Tribe (human nature), Cave (individual bias), Market-place (language confusion), and Theater (philosophical systems).
In plain terms
Our minds are misled by four kinds of errors: nature, personal bias, bad words, and fake theories.
What can you take from it?
Know the four sources of mental error to think more clearly.

Where it applies

  • studying logic
  • evaluating claims
  • self-reflection

Putting it to work

  • identifying bias
  • checking language
  • questioning systems

Questions to consider

  • Which idol influences your thinking most?
  • How can you test your own assumptions?

Another view

The categories may oversimplify how cognitive biases interact in real life.

More from Francis Bacon

  1. Further, it will not be amiss to distinguish the three kinds and, as it were, grades of ambition in mankind. The first is of those who desire to extend their o…

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  2. The Idols of Tribe have their foundation in human nature itself, and in the tribe or race of men. For it is a false assertion that the sense of man is the meas…

    Permalink to quote #37
  3. It cannot be that axioms established by argumentation should avail for the discovery of new works, since the subtlety of nature is greater many times over than…

    Permalink to quote #34

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