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However human, envy is certainly not one of the sources of discontent that a free society can eliminate. It is probably one of the essential conditions for the preservation of such a society that we do not countenance envy, not sanction its demands by camouflaging it as social justice, but treat it, in the words of John Stuart Mill, as 'the most anti-social and evil of all passions.

Friedrich Hayek#57

SocietyJusticeEthicsEnvy

About this quote

What does it mean?
Hayek asserts that envy cannot be eliminated by a free society and should not be disguised as social justice but treated as an anti-social passion.
In plain terms
Free societies cannot stop envy; we should not pretend it is justice.
What can you take from it?
Do not mask envy as a demand for justice.

Where it applies

  • policy debate
  • social ethics
  • public discourse

Putting it to work

  • avoid envious policies
  • recognize destructive emotions

Questions to consider

  • Is envy ever justified?
  • Can freedom eliminate destructive emotions?

Another view

Some envy may stem from legitimate structural unfairness.

More from Friedrich Hayek

  1. Before we can try to remould society intelligently, we must understand its functioning; we must realise that, even when we believe that we understand it, we ma…

    Permalink to quote #56
  2. Justice, like liberty and coercion, is a concept which, for the sake of clarity, ought to be confined to the deliberate treatment of men by other men.

    Permalink to quote #58
  3. Human reason can neither predict nor deliberately shape its own future. Its advances consist in finding out where it has been wrong.

    Permalink to quote #55

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