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About this quote

What does it mean?
Santayana compares human intellectual roles to bees, assigning workers to universal arts and queens to intuition. This reflects a gendered view of mind and creativity prevalent in his time.
In plain terms
He says men work on universal arts while women focus on intuition.
What can you take from it?
Intellectual roles are often divided by gender and function.

Where it applies

  • historical analysis
  • gender studies
  • reading classics

Putting it to work

  • critique stereotypes
  • study historical views
  • analyze roles

Questions to consider

  • How do gender roles shape intellectual work?
  • What parts of this view feel outdated?

Another view

The quote relies on outdated and essentialist views of gender.

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  3. Progress, far from consisting in change, depends on retentiveness. When change is absolute there remains no being to improve and no direction is set for possib…

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