A public can only arrive at enlightenment slowly. Through revolution, the abandonment of personal despotism may be engendered and the end of profit-seeking and domineering oppression may occur, but never a true reform of the state of mind. Instead, new prejudices, just like the old ones, will serve as the guiding reins of the great, unthinking mass. All that is required for this enlightenment is freedom; and particularly the least harmful of all that may be called freedom, namely, the freedom for man to make public use of his reason in all matters. But I hear people clamor on all sides: Don't argue! The officer says: Don't argue, drill! The tax collector: Don't argue, pay! The pastor: Don't argue, believe!
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Kant argues that true enlightenment comes from the freedom to use public reason, not from political revolutions which often just swap old prejudices for new ones.
- In plain terms
- Real change in how people think requires freedom to think and speak openly, not just changes in government.
- What can you take from it?
- Protect the freedom to use public reason to enable true societal enlightenment.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- How does authority limit your ability to reason publicly?
- What prejudices might be guiding you instead of reason?
Another view
Kant assumes people will use freedom of reason wisely, which may not always happen.
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