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The decisive weakness in neoclassical and neo-Keynesian economics is not the error in the assumptions by which it elides the problem of power. The capacity for erroneous belief is very great, especially where it coincides with convenience. Rather, in eliding power - in making economics a nonpolitical subject - neoclassical theory destroys its relation to the real world. In that world, power is decisive in what happens. And the problems of that world are increasing both in number and in the depth of their social affliction. In consequence, neoclassical and neo-Keynesian economics is relegating its players to the social sidelines where they either call no plays or use the wrong ones. To change the metaphor, they manipulate levers to which no machinery is attached.

John Kenneth Galbraith#24

EconomicsSocietyPowerRealityTheory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Neoclassical economics fails because it ignores power dynamics, rendering it irrelevant to real-world social problems.
In plain terms
Economics is useless when it ignores power and only focuses on abstract rules.
What can you take from it?
Ignoring power makes economic theory disconnected from reality.

Where it applies

  • policy analysis
  • economic theory
  • societal critique

Putting it to work

  • incorporate power into analysis
  • critique abstract models

Questions to consider

  • How does power influence economic outcomes?
  • Is standard economics missing the point?

Another view

Abstract models still have value for theoretical understanding.

More from John Kenneth Galbraith

  1. Let there be no question: economics, so long as it is thus taught, becomes, however unconsciously, a part of the arrangement by which the citizen or student is…

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  2. This is what economics now does. It tells the young and susceptible (and also the old and vulnerable) that economic life has no content of power and politics b…

    Permalink to quote #25
  3. Once the visitor was told rather repetitively that this city was the melting pot; never before in history had so many people of such varied languages, customs,…

    Permalink to quote #22

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