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I can think of a few microorganisms, possibly the tubercle bacillus, the syphilis spirochete, the malarial parasite, and a few others, that have a selective advantage in their ability to infect human beings, but there is nothing to be gained, in an evolutionary sense, by the capacity to cause illness or death. Pathogenicity may be something of a disadvantage for most microbes, carrying lethal risks far more frightening to them than to us. The man who catches a meningococcus is in considerably less danger for his life, even without chemotherapy, than meningococci with the bad luck to catch a man.

Lewis Thomas#7

BiologyEvolutionRisk

About this quote

What does it mean?
Most microbes do not benefit from killing hosts; causing disease is often risky and disadvantageous for them too.
In plain terms
Germs that kill humans often hurt themselves more than they help.
What can you take from it?
Disease is not always a strategic win for pathogens.

Where it applies

  • public health discussions
  • evolutionary biology
  • antibiotic use

Putting it to work

  • study host-pathogen dynamics
  • consider microbial survival
  • avoid overprescription

Questions to consider

  • Why do some diseases kill their hosts?
  • How does evolution shape infection?

Another view

Some pathogens do evolve to spread via severe illness.

More from Lewis Thomas

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  3. Ants are more like the parts of an animal than entities on their own. They are mobile cells, circulating through a dense connective tissue of other ants in a m…

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