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About this quote

What does it mean?
Mises points out the irony that Mussolini started as a democracy ally while Lenin allied with imperial Germany.
In plain terms
Mussolini and Lenin began their political careers as allies of opposite sides in world politics.
What can you take from it?
Historical alliances can be unexpected and shift quickly.

Where it applies

  • historical analysis
  • political history
  • international relations

Putting it to work

  • study historical context
  • question political labels

Questions to consider

  • How much do early alliances define a leader?
  • Can we judge leaders by their first choices?

Another view

Focusing on early alliances ignores how these leaders changed over time.

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