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Because we live in a largely free society, we tend to forget how limited is the span of time and the part of the globe for which there has ever been anything like political freedom: the typical state of mankind is tyranny, servitude, and misery. The nineteenth century and early twentieth century in the Western world stand out as striking exceptions to the general trend of historical development. Political freedom in this instance clearly came along with the free market and the development of capitalist institutions. So also did political freedom in the golden age of Greece and in the early days of the Roman era. History suggests only that capitalism is a necessary condition for political freedom. Clearly it is not a sufficient condition.

Milton Friedman#27

FreedomHistoryMarketCapitalismTyranny

About this quote

What does it mean?
Friedman notes political freedom historically correlates with free markets but is not guaranteed by them.
In plain terms
Freedom usually comes with free markets but not always.
What can you take from it?
Capitalism supports freedom but does not ensure it.

Where it applies

  • political development
  • economic history
  • freedom studies

Putting it to work

  • assess liberty conditions
  • study historical freedom

Questions to consider

  • What else guarantees freedom?
  • Is capitalism enough?

Another view

Other factors besides capitalism also influence freedom.

More from Milton Friedman

  1. The free man will ask neither what his country can do for him nor what he can do for his country.

    Permalink to quote #26
  2. Political freedom means the absence of coercion of a man by his fellow men. The fundamental threat to freedom is power to coerce, be it in the hands of a monar…

    Permalink to quote #28
  3. The true test of any scholar's work is not what his contemporaries say, but what happens to his work in the next 25 or 50 years. And the thing that I will real…

    Permalink to quote #25

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