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As an Englishman, particularly as an Englishman standing upon foreign soil, I am, of course, prepared to argue that every war we have ever fought was a purely defensive war. But I am obliged to take cognizance of the quite simple historical fact that for about one thousand years, since the time indeed when Norwegians ravaged our coasts and a certain Scandinavian landed at Hastings in 1066, every war we have fought happens to have been fought in other people's countries. Now if defense means merely keeping burglars out of the house, what were we doing on all those occasions in other people's houses? Our history in this respect is not peculiar. The United States is proud of her remoteness from the old world, her freedom from entanglement in its quarrels, her isolation. Yet in her relatively very short history as an independent state she has fought at least six foreign wars while her troops have landed on foreign soil on nearly a hundred occasions. Not one of those wars was for the purpose of defending American soil.

Norman Angell#26

WarPoliticsDefenseHistoryHypocrisyNarrative

About this quote

What does it mean?
The author argues that claiming wars are defensive is hypocritical when they are fought on other nations' soil.
In plain terms
Calling a war defensive doesn't make sense if you fight it in someone else's country.
What can you take from it?
History shows many wars labeled defensive were actually offensive.

Where it applies

  • analyzing war justifications
  • debating military history
  • critiquing national narratives

Putting it to work

  • reviewing war records
  • questioning defense claims
  • studying conflict origins

Questions to consider

  • How do nations justify wars fought abroad?
  • What defines a defensive war?

Another view

The quote generalizes all wars without distinguishing between preemptive and reactive conflicts.

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  3. One speaks of dictators ruling by 'force'. But what has enabled dictatorial governments to possess force? The only means by which a man can become a dictator i…

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