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Now, please don't misunderstand me. When I point out that all our wars for a thousand years have been fought in other people's countries, I do not mean that any of these wars was necessarily aggressive. They may well have been, everyone of them, defensive. But plainly they were not defensive of soil, territory. Of what then were they defensive? They were defensive of the nation's interests, rights; interests which may well collide with the interests of other nations in any part of the world ... Nations do so differ as to what their respective rights are and differ sincerely. And often the question, which of the two is right, is extremely difficult, as anyone who has attempted to disentangle rival territorial claims in the Balkans or elsewhere knows only too well.

Norman Angell#27

WarDefenseInterestsNationsRightsTerritory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Wars are often fought to defend national interests rather than territory, but differing views on rights make determining who is right extremely difficult.
In plain terms
Wars happen over interests not land, but nations disagree on what is right.
What can you take from it?
Recognize that conflicting national interests drive war even without aggression.

Where it applies

  • conflict resolution
  • border disputes
  • diplomatic negotiations

Putting it to work

  • mediate territorial claims
  • define international rights
  • negotiate treaties

Questions to consider

  • How do you define a nations right?
  • Is any war truly defensive?

Another view

It may underestimate how often economic gain drives claimed defensive wars.

More from Norman Angell

  1. As an Englishman, particularly as an Englishman standing upon foreign soil, I am, of course, prepared to argue that every war we have ever fought was a purely …

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  2. One great state says to others, as each in effect has been saying during the ten years of armament debate: 'It is true that we ask for considerable power. Perh…

    Permalink to quote #28
  3. The parties, Fascist, or other, which bring about dictatorship want dictatorship. But John Smith who insists on certain policies which produce war does not wan…

    Permalink to quote #25

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