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One great state says to others, as each in effect has been saying during the ten years of armament debate: 'It is true that we ask for considerable power. Perhaps, all things considered, greater power than you. But it need not disturb you in the least, for we give you our most positive assurance that that power will be used purely for defense. And by defense we mean this: that when we get into a dispute with you as to our respective rights, when, that is, the question is whether you are right or we are right, what we mean by defense is that we shall always be in a position to be sole judge of the question. And so much stronger than you, that you will have to accept our verdict without any possibility of appeal. Could anything be fairer?'

Norman Angell#28

PoliticsDefensePowerDiplomacyJustice

About this quote

What does it mean?
A state claims power is for defense but defines defense as having sole judgment over disputes.
In plain terms
Calling power defensive when you get to judge all disputes yourself is not fair.
What can you take from it?
Claiming defense while demanding sole authority is unjust.

Where it applies

  • debating military power
  • analyzing diplomatic claims
  • critiquing hegemony

Putting it to work

  • scrutinizing defense claims
  • promoting shared governance
  • challenging unilateralism

Questions to consider

  • Can defense justify unilateral judgment?
  • What makes power fair?

Another view

It presents a hypothetical scenario that might not reflect actual diplomatic complexity.

More from Norman Angell

  1. Now, please don't misunderstand me. When I point out that all our wars for a thousand years have been fought in other people's countries, I do not mean that an…

    Permalink to quote #27
  2. We use power, of course, in the international fields in a way which is the exact contrary to the way in which we use it within the state. In the international …

    Permalink to quote #29
  3. As an Englishman, particularly as an Englishman standing upon foreign soil, I am, of course, prepared to argue that every war we have ever fought was a purely …

    Permalink to quote #26

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