But, as we consider the totality of similarly broad and fundamental aspects of life, we cannot defend division by two as a natural principle of objective order. Indeed, the 'stuff' of the universe often strikes our senses as complex and shaded continua, admittedly with faster and slower moments, and bigger and smaller steps, along the way. Nature does not dictate dualities, trinities, quarterings, or any 'objective' basis for human taxonomies; most of our chosen schemes, and our designated numbers of categories, record human choices from a cornucopia of possibilities offered by natural variation from place to place, and permitted by the flexibility of our mental capacities. How many seasons (if we wish to divide by seasons at all) does a year contain? How many stages shall we recognize in a human life?
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Gould argues that nature is complex and continuous, rejecting simple binary divisions imposed by humans.
- In plain terms
- Nature does not follow simple human categories; it is complex and continuous.
- What can you take from it?
- Avoid forcing complex reality into simple binary categories.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- How do we categorize complex systems?
- Are binary choices ever accurate?
Another view
Some human categories are practical tools even if they don't match nature perfectly.
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