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The story of a theory's failure often strikes readers as sad and unsatisfying. Since science thrives on self-correction, we who practice this most challenging of human arts do not share such a feeling. We may be unhappy if a favored hypothesis loses or chagrined if theories that we proposed prove inadequate. But refutation almost always contains positive lessons that overwhelm disappointment, even when [:] no new and comprehensive theory has yet filled the void.

Stephen Jay Gould#93

ScienceResearchLearningProgressFailure

About this quote

What does it mean?
Science thrives on correcting mistakes; even failed theories teach lessons. Gould rejects disappointment in favor of learning from refutation.
In plain terms
Failed science teaches valuable lessons.
What can you take from it?
Learn from scientific failures.

Where it applies

  • research
  • education
  • scientific method

Putting it to work

  • welcome refutation
  • extract lessons from error

Questions to consider

  • How do failures help science?
  • Why do scientists fear error?

Another view

It ignores the human cost of failed research.

More from Stephen Jay Gould

  1. When we seek a textbook case for the proper operation of science, the correction of certain error offers far more promise than the establishment of probable tr…

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  2. Knowledge and wonder are the dyad of our worthy lives as intellectual beings. Voyager did wonders for our knowledge, but performed just as mightily in the serv…

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  3. Science is a method for testing claims about the natural world, not an immutable compendium of absolute truths. The fundamentalists, by 'knowing' the answers b…

    Permalink to quote #91

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