National defense through war always involves some degree of national defeat. This paradox has been with us from the very beginning of our republic. Militarization in defense of freedom reduces the freedom of the defenders. There is a fundamental inconsistency between war and freedom.

If you know even as little history as I do, it is hard not to doubt the efficacy of modern war as a solution to any problem except that of retribution-the 'jus…

In a modern war, fought with modern weapons and on the modern scale, neither side can limit to 'the enemy' the damage that it does. These wars damage the world…

If we are serious about peace, then we must work for it as ardently, seriously, continuously, carefully, and bravely as we have ever prepared for war.

We must plan for freedom, and not only for security, if for no other reason than only freedom can make security more secure.

No protracted war can fail to endanger the freedom of a democratic country.

These same institutions produce quite different effects while they are still being fought for; then they really promote freedom in a powerful way. On closer in…