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About this quote

What does it mean?
Even very simple creatures can think if they can recognize repeated experiences.
In plain terms
Recognition of repeated experience is enough for basic thought.
What can you take from it?
Look for patterns to gauge cognition.

Where it applies

  • animal behavior study
  • AI learning

Putting it to work

  • observe repeated reactions
  • design pattern‑based tests

Questions to consider

  • What counts as thinking for you?
  • Can simple patterning be called cognition?

Another view

Recognition alone may not capture higher‑order thinking.

More from William James

  1. So our self-feeling in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do.

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  2. Let any one try, I will not say to arrest, but to notice or attend to, the present moment of time. One of the most baffling experiences occurs. Where is it, th…

    Permalink to quote #29
  3. Properly speaking, a man has as many social selves as there are individuals who recognise him.

    Permalink to quote #26

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