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We have seen that Alfred in his day had never hesitated to use money as well as arms. Ethelred used money instead of arms. He used it in ever-increasing quantities, with ever-diminishing returns...There is the record of a final payment to the Vikings in 1012. This time forty-eight thousand pounds' weight of silver was extracted, and the oppressors enforce the collection by the sack of Canterbury, holding Archbishop Alphege to ransom, and finally killing him at Greenwich because he refused to coerce his flock to raise the money. The Chronicle states: 'All these calamities fell upon us through evil counsel, because tribute was not offered to them at the right time, nor yet were they resisted; but, when they had done the most evil, then was peace made with them. And notwithstanding all this peace and tribute they went everywhere in companies, harried our wretched people, and slew them'

Winston Churchill#105

HistoryWarPoliticsDiplomacyWarfare

About this quote

What does it mean?
Historical examples show paying tribute to invaders often leads to more extortion and violence than fighting.
In plain terms
Paying Vikings only made things worse.
What can you take from it?
Appeasement can increase aggression.

Where it applies

  • conflict resolution
  • policy debate

Putting it to work

  • evaluate costs
  • resist coercion

Questions to consider

  • When is paying a ransom worth it?
  • What alternatives existed then?

Another view

It assumes fighting was always a viable alternative regardless of power.

More from Winston Churchill

  1. Civilisation had been restored to the Island. But now the political fabric which nurtured it was about to be overthrown. Hitherto strong men armed had kept the…

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  2. It is vain to recount further the catalogue of miseries. In earlier ages such horrors remain unknown because unrecorded. Just enough flickering light plays upo…

    Permalink to quote #106
  3. It was Twelfth Night, and the Saxons, who in these days of torment refreshed and fortified themselves by celebrating the feasts of the Church, were off their g…

    Permalink to quote #103

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