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It is not altogether true that persuasion is one thing and force is another. Many forms of persuasion - even many of which everybody approves - are really a kind of force. Consider what we do to our children. We do not say to them: 'Some people think the earth is round, and others think it is flat; when you grow up, you can, if you like, examine the evidence and form your own conclusion.' Instead of this we say: 'The earth is round.' By the time our children are old enough to examine the evidence, our propaganda has closed their minds.

Bertrand Russell#142

PhilosophyPsychologyEducationFamilyForcePersuasion

About this quote

What does it mean?
He claims that many persuasive acts are actually force, using child-rearing as an example where forced belief closes minds before evidence can be examined.
In plain terms
Persuasion can act as covert force, shaping beliefs before individuals can evaluate evidence.
What can you take from it?
Encourage critical thinking early to avoid covert coercion.

Where it applies

  • parenting
  • education policy

Putting it to work

  • open‑ended teaching
  • critical thinking curricula

Questions to consider

  • Where is the line between persuasion and force?
  • How can we teach children to evaluate evidence independently?

Another view

Not all persuasion is coercive; some is necessary for social cohesion.

More from Bertrand Russell

  1. The love of power is a part of human nature, but power-philosophies are, in a certain precise sense, insane. The existence of the external world, both that of …

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  2. To acquire immunity to eloquence is of the utmost importance to the citizens of a democracy.

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  3. An individual may perceive a way of life, or a method of social organisation, by which more of the desires of mankind could be satisfied than under the existin…

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