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It seems to me what is called for is an exquisite balance between two conflicting needs: the most skeptical scrutiny of all hypotheses that are served up to us and at the same time a great openness to new ideas : If you are only skeptical, then no new ideas make it through to you : On the other hand, if you are open to the point of gullibility and have not an ounce of skeptical sense in you, then you cannot distinguish the useful ideas from the worthless ones.

Carl Sagan#1

ScienceSkepticismCritical thinkingThinkingIdeasOpenness

About this quote

What does it mean?
Sagan argues for balancing extreme skepticism with openness to new ideas, as pure skepticism blocks progress while pure openness leads to gullibility.
In plain terms
You need to be open to new ideas but also critical enough to tell good ones from bad ones.
What can you take from it?
Maintain a balance between skepticism and openness to evaluate ideas effectively.

Where it applies

  • evaluating new theories
  • reading scientific claims
  • personal decision making

Putting it to work

  • critique hypotheses rigorously
  • remain open to novelty
  • avoid gullibility

Questions to consider

  • How do you balance skepticism with openness?
  • When have you been too skeptical or too open?

Another view

The balance between skepticism and openness is hard to quantify in practice.

More from Carl Sagan

  1. Humans - who enslave, castrate, experiment on, and fillet other animals - have had an understandable penchant for pretending animals do not feel pain. A sharp …

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  2. The truth may be puzzling. It may take some work to grapple with. It may be counterintuitive. It may contradict deeply held prejudices. It may not be consonant…

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  3. We have designed our civilization based on science and technology and at the same time arranged things so that almost no one understands anything at all about …

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