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I never said it. Honest. Oh, I said there are maybe 100 billion galaxies and 10 billion trillion stars. It's hard to talk about the Cosmos without using big numbers. I said 'billion' many times on the Cosmos television series, which was seen by a great many people. But I never said 'billions and billions.' For one thing, it's imprecise. How many billions are 'billions and billions'? A few billion? Twenty billion? A hundred billion? 'Billions and billions' is pretty vague... For a while, out of childish pique, I wouldn't utter the phrase, even when asked to. But I've gotten over that. So, for the record, here it goes: 'Billions and billions.'

Carl Sagan#67

ScienceAccuracyCommunicationLanguageMemory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Sagan clarifies a common misquote about his phrasing, explaining why precision matters in science communication.
In plain terms
He corrects the record on his famous quote about numbers.
What can you take from it?
Precision matters in science, but vagueness can be memorable.

Where it applies

  • interviews
  • media quotes
  • educational talks

Putting it to work

  • clarify public records
  • emphasize precision

Questions to consider

  • Does accuracy matter if the message lands?
  • Who owns a famous quote?

Another view

Vague phrases often stick better than precise ones.

More from Carl Sagan

  1. Humans may crave absolute certainty; they may aspire to it; they may pretend, as partisans of certain religions do, to have attained it. But the history of sci…

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  2. If we keep on with business as usual, the Earth will be warmed more every year; drought and floods will be endemic; many more cities, provinces, and whole nati…

    Permalink to quote #68
  3. Education on the value of free speech and the other freedoms reserved by the Bill of Rights, about what happens when you don't have them, and about how to exer…

    Permalink to quote #65

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