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There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation. Observation collects facts; reflection combines them; experimentation verifies the result of that combination. Our observation of nature must be diligent, our reflection profound, and our experiments exact. We rarely see these three means combined; and for this reason, creative geniuses are not common.

Denis Diderot#46

ScienceKnowledgeLearningMethodResearch

About this quote

What does it mean?
Knowledge requires observation, reflection, and experimentation combined; few achieve this balance.
In plain terms
True knowledge needs observation, thinking, and testing together.
What can you take from it?
Combine observation, reflection, and experiment for real insight.

Where it applies

  • research
  • learning
  • problem solving

Putting it to work

  • study deeply
  • test ideas
  • combine methods

Questions to consider

  • What makes a genius?
  • Is the scientific method enough?

Another view

Some discoveries come from luck or intuition alone.

More from Denis Diderot

  1. Are we not madder than those first inhabitants of the plain of Sennar? We know that the distance separating the earth from the sky is infinite, and yet we do n…

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  2. In order to shake a hypothesis, it is sometimes not necessary to do anything more than push it as far as it will go.

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  3. If exclusive privileges were not granted, and if the financial system would not tend to concentrate wealth, there would be few great fortunes and no quick weal…

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