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About this quote

What does it mean?
Despite its internal decay and poverty, Spain still possessed significant military strength and threat capability.
In plain terms
Spain was weak inside but still looked strong and dangerous outside.
What can you take from it?
Appearances of strength can hide internal weakness.

Where it applies

  • political analysis
  • strategic assessment
  • historical study

Putting it to work

  • evaluate true power
  • look beyond appearances

Questions to consider

  • How do we measure true strength?
  • Can decay coexist with power?

Another view

It underestimates the actual resilience of declining empires.

More from Francis Parkman

  1. In the middle of the sixteenth century, Spain was the incubus of Europe. Gloomy and portentous, she chilled the world with her baneful shadow.

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  2. In the year 1562 a cloud of black and deadly portent was thickening over France. Surely and swiftly she glided towards the abyss of the religious wars. None co…

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  3. The Spanish voyager, as his caravel ploughed the adjacent seas, might give full scope to his imagination, and dream that beyond the long, low margin of forest …

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