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The whole machinery of our intelligence, our general ideas and laws, fixed and external objects, principles, persons, and gods, are so many symbolic, algebraic expressions. They stand for experience; experience which we are incapable of retaining and surveying in its multitudinous immediacy. We should flounder hopelessly, like the animals, did we not keep ourselves afloat and direct our course by these intellectual devices. Theory helps us to bear our ignorance of fact.

George Santayana#8

KnowledgeExperienceRealityConceptsMindTheory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Human intellect relies on simplified symbols to manage overwhelming reality, allowing us to function despite our inability to grasp the fullness of experience.
In plain terms
We use ideas and laws to handle reality because we cannot hold all experience in our minds at once.
What can you take from it?
Intellectual devices are necessary tools for navigating complex reality.

Where it applies

  • studying philosophy
  • analyzing science
  • reflecting on mind

Putting it to work

  • use symbols wisely
  • acknowledge limits
  • study theory

Questions to consider

  • How do concepts shape reality?
  • What is the limit of knowledge?

Another view

The view that theory only bears ignorance of fact may underestimate theory's predictive power.

More from George Santayana

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  2. Beauty as we feel it is something indescribable: what it is or what it means can never be said.

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  3. They [the wise spirits of antiquity in the first circle of Dante's Inferno] are condemned, Dante tells us, to no other penalty than to live in desire without h…

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