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In the elemental emotions of fear and rage associated with the most primitive parts of the brain, this swift response without conscious intervention or direction is a condition of survival: but something more than survival comes forth from it; for this very automatism freed the growing brain and ramifying nervous system for more important services, detached from the immediate pressure for survival, performed by the new brain. Here by his conscious symbolic activities man created a second realm that conforms more closely to his higher personal and social needs.

Lewis Mumford#30

CultureBrainEvolutionInstinctSurvivalSymbolism

About this quote

What does it mean?
Mumford argues that primal survival instincts freed the brain for higher symbolic activities, allowing humans to create a second realm suited to social and personal needs.
In plain terms
Basic survival instincts let the brain develop higher functions like culture and symbols.
What can you take from it?
Survival instincts enabled human cultural and symbolic development.

Where it applies

  • biological study
  • philosophy
  • human development

Putting it to work

  • study brain evolution
  • analyze human culture
  • explore symbolism

Questions to consider

  • How did survival needs shape human culture?
  • What is the second realm mentioned?

Another view

It simplifies the complex relationship between biology and culture.

More from Lewis Mumford

  1. If, as many anthropologists still hold, the making and using of tools as one of the chief sources of primitive man's intellectual development, is it not time t…

    Permalink to quote #29
  2. The physical lot of surviving workers had notably improved, with unemployment insurance, social security, and the new health services, while their children's s…

    Permalink to quote #31
  3. Unfortunately, once an economy is geared to expansion, the means rapidly turn into an end and 'the going becomes the goal.' Even more unfortunately, the indust…

    Permalink to quote #28

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