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For Linnaeus, Homo sapiens was both special and not special. [:] Special and not special have come to mean nonbiological and biological, or nurture and nature. These later polarizations are nonsensical. Humans are animals and everything we do lies within our biological potential. [:] [T]he statement that humans are animals does not imply that our specific patterns of behavior and social arrangements are in any way directly determined by our genes. Potentiality and determination are different concepts.

Stephen Jay Gould#12

BiologyGeneticsHuman natureBehavior

About this quote

What does it mean?
Humans are biologically animals, but this does not mean all behavior is strictly determined by genes.
In plain terms
Humans are animals like others, but our behavior is not just controlled by our genes.
What can you take from it?
Being an animal does not equal genetic determinism.

Where it applies

  • evolutionary psychology
  • sociology
  • education

Putting it to work

  • distinguish potential from fate
  • avoid genetic reductionism

Questions to consider

  • How much is behavior genetic?
  • What defines human uniqueness?

Another view

Genes may play a larger role in behavior than this quote allows.

More from Stephen Jay Gould

  1. I do not claim that intelligence, however defined, has no genetic basis-I regard it as trivially true, uninteresting, and unimportant that it does. The express…

    Permalink to quote #11
  2. But here I stop-short of any deterministic speculation that attributes specific behaviors to the possession of specific altruist or opportunist genes. Our gene…

    Permalink to quote #13
  3. I contend that the continued racial classification of Homo sapiens represents an outmoded approach to the general problem of differentiation within a species. …

    Permalink to quote #10

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